Research-friendly vs production-hardened ML frameworks.
| PyTorch | TensorFlow | |
|---|---|---|
| Research share | Dominant | Declining |
| Production tools | Improving | Mature (TF Serving, TFX) |
| Ecosystem in 2026 | AI-native | Production-focused |
Modern ML/AI work, LLMs, research, close to latest papers.
Legacy production ML, TF-integrated stack.
PyTorch for nearly all new work. TF for legacy maintenance.