Lead databases

Your list comes from somewhere. B2B data providers are the primary sources: databases of companies, roles, emails, and firmographic data that power most cold outbound. The quality and freshness varies dramatically by provider and by segment. Here's what I actually reach for.

The big categories

Full-data platforms

Apollo, ZoomInfo, Cognism, SalesIntel. Comprehensive B2B databases with contact info, company data, intent signals, technographics.

LinkedIn-based tools

Sales Navigator (for finding prospects), plus scrapers like Wiza, Evaboot, that extract emails from Nav searches.

Email finders

Lusha, Hunter, Anymail Finder, Findymail, Seamless. Take a name + company and return likely email addresses.

Enrichment platforms

Clay, Rocketreach, Bouncer. Enrich existing lists with additional data.

The main providers

Apollo

Most popular for cold outbound in 2026. Large database, reasonable pricing, includes sequencing tool (so it's an all-in-one).

ZoomInfo

Enterprise-grade. Most accurate for direct-dial phone numbers and senior contacts. Expensive.

LinkedIn Sales Navigator

The most current and accurate source of job titles and company data, because people update their own LinkedIn. Not an email source by itself; pair with Evaboot or Wiza to extract emails.

Cognism

Strong for EU coverage. GDPR-compliant by design. Good B2B mobile numbers.

Lusha

Popular Chrome extension for on-the-fly contact lookup. Used often for lower-volume or research-heavy workflows.

Hunter.io

Email finder and verifier. Straightforward. Good for small-scale or specific lookups.

Clay

Not a database per se, an enrichment platform that chains data sources. More on this in Clay and enrichment.

Database accuracy reality

No provider has 100% accurate data. Typical accuracy:

Never send without verifying email addresses. Never assume titles are current without checking LinkedIn.

Segment-by-segment recommendations

US B2B SaaS, mid-market+

Apollo as primary, Sales Nav + Evaboot for key accounts, ZoomInfo for enterprise.

EU / UK

Cognism or Apollo with EU focus. GDPR compliance is critical.

SMB services (agencies, consultants)

Apollo, Sales Nav + email finder. Less need for enterprise-grade databases.

Specific niche industries

Niche databases exist for specific verticals (healthcare, legal, construction, manufacturing). Research per-vertical for best results.

Local / SMB / brick-and-mortar

Google Maps scrapers, Yelp data, industry-specific directories. Major databases are weak here.

The list-building workflow

Workflow 1: Apollo-direct

  1. Filter Apollo by ICP criteria
  2. Export contacts
  3. Verify emails
  4. Upload to cold email tool

Fast. Good enough for most campaigns.

Workflow 2: Sales Nav + enrichment

  1. Build a search in Sales Navigator
  2. Export via Wiza or Evaboot
  3. Enrich with Clay for company data, signals
  4. Verify emails
  5. Upload to cold email tool

Slower but better data quality and more signal-driven targeting.

Workflow 3: Clay-orchestrated

  1. Clay table as the source of truth
  2. Multiple enrichment providers (Apollo, Clearbit, LinkedIn)
  3. Data waterfall: try providers in order, use first match
  4. Custom enrichment (scraping, AI-generated fields)
  5. Push to cold email tool via integration

Most flexible. Highest data quality. Covered in Clay and enrichment.

Data freshness

All databases have stale data. A title from 6 months ago might be wrong today. Strategies:

Legal / ethical considerations

The cost reality

Expect to spend $200-2000/month on data for a cold outbound operation. At enterprise scale, $20K-100K/year is normal.

This cost pays back many times over when the data is good. It's a complete write-off when the data is bad (bounces, wrong targets, no responses). Invest in data as seriously as you invest in copy.

Next: Clay and enrichment.